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Pioneer 11
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| Pioneer 11 | | The First to Complete a Saturn Flyby |
Second Jupiter flyby. Used Jupiter's mass in a gravity assist to alter its trajectory toward Saturn. Made a successful Saturn flyby and then followed an escape trajectory from the solar system. On Dec. 4, 1974, Pioneer 11 passed to within 34,000 km of Jupiter's cloud tops and obtained dramatic images of the Great Red Spot, made the first observation of the immense polar regions, and determined the mass of Jupiter's moon Callisto.