A World War II operation by British scientists, oil companies and armed forces to construct undersea oil pipelines under the English Channel between England and France. Conceived by Admiral Louis Mountbatten and developed by AC Hartley, chief engineer of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. First laid from the Isle of Wight for a length of 70 nautical miles to Cherbourg, France, the concept led to nearly 20 pipelines crossing the English Channel from Dungeness to the Ambleteuse in the Pas-de-Calais. This assured the Allies in Europe a steady uninterrupted fuel supply and allowed tankers to be used elsewhere to supply fuel to other Allied operations.

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World War II Codenames

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