Treaties and Conventions

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85 BC        Treaty of Dardanos Ends the First Mithridatic War.

161 BC        Roman-Jewish Treaty Establishes friendship between Judas Maccabeus and the Roman Repbulic.

188 BC        Treaty of Apamea Between the Roman Republic and Antiochus III (the Great), ruler of the Seleucid Empire.

196 BC        Treaty of Tempea Ends the Second Macedonian War.

205 BC        Treaty of Phoenice Ends the First Macedonian War.

226 BC        Ebro Treaty Establishes the Ebro River in Iberia as the boundary line between the Roman Republic and Carthage.

241 BC        Treaty of Lutatius Ends the First Punic War.

387 BC        Peace of Antalcidas Sets the boundaries of Greek and Persian territory.

421 BC        Peace of Nicias Athens and Sparta end the first phase of the Peloponnesian War.

450 BC        Peace of Callias Ends the Persian Wars.

493 BC        Foedus Cassianum Ends the war between the Roman Republic and the Latin League.

587        Treaty of Andelot Between Frankish rulers Guntram and Brunhilda; Guntram adopts Brunhilda's son Childebert II.

628        Treaty of Hudaybiyyah Between Muslims and the Quraish.

651        The Bakt Between Nubia and Egypt.

713        Treaty of Orihuela Establishes a dhimmi over the Christian inhabitants of Orihuela.

803        Pax Nicephori Peace between Charlemagne and the Byzantine Empire; recognizes Venice as Byzantine territory.

811        Treaty of Heiligen Sets the southern boundary of Denmark at the Eider River.

836        Pactum Sicardi Peace between the Duchy of Naples and the Principality of Salerno under Sicard.

843        Treaty of Verdun Partitions the Carolingian Empire.

870        Treaty of Mersen Further partitions the Carolingian Empire.

880        Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum Between Alfred of Wessex and Guthrum, the Viking ruler of East Anglia.

907        Rus'-Byzantine Treaty Regulates the status of the colony of Rus' merchants in Constantinople.

911        Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte Charles the Simple grants Normandy to Rollo.

921        Treaty of Bonn West Francia and East Francia both recognize each other.

945        Rus'-Byzantine Treaty Between the Byzantine Empire and Kievan Rus.

1004        Shanyuan Treaty Establishes relations between the Northern Song and Liao Dynasties.

1018        Peace of Bautzen Between Holy Roman Emperor Henry II and Duke Bolesław I the Brave of Poland.

1059        Treaty of Melfi Pope Nicholas II recognizes Norman influence in southern Italy.

1080        Treaty of Ceprano Pope Gregory VII establishes an alliance with Robert Guiscard and recognizes his conquests.

1091        Treaty of Caen Ends rivalry between William II of England and Duke Robert Curthose of Normandy.

1101        Treaty of Alton Robert Curthose recognizes Henry I as King of England.

1108        Treaty of Devol The Principality of Antioch becomes a nominal vassal of the Byzantine Empire.

1122        Pactum Calixtinum Between Pope Calixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor.

1123        Pactum Warmundi The crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem allies with Venice.

1139        Treaty of Mignano Roger II of Sicily recognised as king by the legitimate Pope Innocent II.

1141        Treaty of Shaoxing Ends conflicts between the Jin Dynasty and Southern Song Dynasty.

1143        Treaty of Zamora Recognises Portuguese independence from the Kingdom of Leon and Castile.

1151        Treaty of Tudilén Recognises the conquests of the Crown of Aragon south of the Júcar and recognises future conquests in Murcia.

1153        Treaty of Constance Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, and Pope Eugene III agree to defend Italy against Manuel I Comnenus.

1153        Treaty of Wallingford Made Stephen of England officially recognize his cousin Matilda's son Henry of Anjou as his heir. Henry becomes Henry II of England.

1156        Treaty of Benevento Peace between the Papacy and the Kingdom of Sicily.

1170        Treaty of Sahagún Between Alfonso VIII of Castile and Afonso I of Portugal.

1175        Treaty of Windsor Between King Henry II of England and the last High King of Ireland, Rory O'Connor during Norman expansion in Ireland.

1177        Treaty of Venice Peace between the Papacy, the Lombard League, the Kingdom of Sicily, and the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick Barbarossa.

1179        Treaty of Cazorla Defines the zones of conquest in Andalusia between Aragon and Castile.

1183        Peace of Constance Peace between the Lombard League and the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick Barbarossa. Reaffirms the Peace of Venice.

1192        Treaty of Ramla Ends the Third Crusade.

1200        Treaty of Le Goulet John of England and Philip II of France make peace. Marriage between Blanche of Castile and Louis VIII of France.

1209        Treaty of Speyer Otto IV renounces the Concordat of Worms.

1212        Golden Bull of Sicily Determines the rights and duties of the Bohemian monarchs.

1217        Treaty of Lambeth Between Louis VIII of France and Henry III of England.

1218        Golden Charter of Berne Supposedly also issued by Frederick II in 1218, but now considered a forgery.

1220        Treaty With the Princes of the Church Between Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II and German bishops.

1222        Golden Bull of 1222 Andrew II of Hungary grants Hungarian nobles the power to disobey the king when he acted contrary to the law.

1226        Golden Bull of Rimini Resolves disputes over Chełmno Land.

1226        Treaty of Melun Forces the counts of Flanders to swear fealty to the French crown.

1229        Treaty of Paris Officially ends the Albigensian Crusade.

1230        Treaty of Ceprano Establishes lines of reconciliation between Pope Gregory IX and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II.

1230        Treaty of Kruszwica Konrad I of Masovia grants Chełmno Land to the Prussians and the Order of Dobrzyń.

1230        Treaty of San Germano Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II restores Sicily to Pope Gregory IX.

1234        Golden Bull of Rieti Recognizes Chełmno Land as subject to the Pope's authority and not as a fief belonging to anyone.

1237        Treaty of York Establishes a border between England and Scotland.

1244        Treaty of Almizra Establishes the borders of the Kingdom of Valencia.

1244        Treaty of Jativa Permits the Moors of Spain to hold on to the Castle of Jativa for two years before relinquishing it to King Jaime I of Aragon.

1245        Al-Azraq Treaty Between the King Jaime I of Aragon and the Muslim commander Mohammad Abu Abdallah Ben Hudzail al Sahuir.

1258        Treaty of Corbeil Establishes a border between France and the Crown of Aragon.

1259        Treaty of Paris Between Louis IX of France and Henry III of England.

1265        Treaty of Pipton Established alliance between Prince Llywelyn the Last of Wales and Simon de Montford during the Second Barons' War.

1266        Dictum of Kenilworth Ends hostilities between the supporters of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester and Henry III of England; comes into effect in 1267.

1266        Treaty of Perth Terms of sovereignty over the Western Isles, the Isle of Man, and the Northern Isles agreed between Norway and Scotland.

1267        Treaty of Badajoz King Alfonso X and King Afonso III agree to use the Guadiana River as the boundary line separating Castile and Portugal.

1267        Treaty of Montgomery Henry III of England acknowledges Llywelyn ap Gruffydd's title as the 'Prince of Wales'.

1267        Treaty of Viterbo Grants Charles I of Anjou claims to the defunct Latin Empire.

1271        Peace of Pressburg Ends war between Bohemia and Hungary.

1277        Treaty of Aberconwy Between King Edward I of England and Llewelyn the Last of Wales.

1281        Treaty of Orvieto Between Charles I of Sicily, the Republic of Venice, and Philip of Courtenay; attempts to recover the Latin Empire.

1283 BC        Ramses-Hattusili Treaty Treaty between the Egyptian pharaoh Ramses II and the Hittite monarch Hattusili III after the Battle of Kadesh.

1283        Treaty of Rheinfelden Duke Rudolph II of Austria surrenders power to his older brother Albert I of Germany.

1290        Treaty of Birgham Attempts to end competing claims between the House of Balliol and the House of Bruce for the Scottish throne; never comes into effect.

1291        Treaty of Tarascon Ends the Aragonese Crusade.

1295        Auld Alliance Scotland and France forge the first treaty of mutual self-defense against England.

1295        Treaty of Anagni Reaffirms the Treaty of Tarascon, but fails to diplomatically settle the Sicilian question.

1302        Peace of Caltabellotta Ends the War of the Sicilian Vespers.

1303        Treaty of Paris Restores Gascony to England from France during the Hundred Years' War.

1304        Treaty of Torrellas Brought peace to Castile and Aragon and divied up the Kingdom of Murcia between them.

1305        Treaty of Athis-sur-Orge France acquires the cities of Lille, Douai, and Béthune and Flanders retains its independence.

1305        Treaty of Elche Modifies the Treaty of Torrellas and grants Cartagena to Castile.

1317        Treaty of Templin Ascanians surrender the territories of Schlawe-Stolp to the Pomeranians.

1323        Treaty of Nöteborg Sets the boundary between Sweden and Novgorod.

1323        Treaty of Paris Count Louis of Flanders relinquishes Flemish claims over Zeeland.

1326        Treaty of Corbeil Renews the Auld Alliance between France and Scotland.

1326        Treaty of Novgorod End decades of border skirmishes at the border of Norway and Novgorod.

1328        Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton Between Edward III of England and the Scots.

1329        Treaty of Pavia Between Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor and his nephews.

1338        Declaration of Rhense German princes elect German kings without the consent of the Papacy.

1343        Treaty of Kalisz Between King Casimir III the Great of Poland and the Teutonic Knights.

1354        Treaty of Mantes First peace between Charles II of Navarre and John II of France.

1354        Treaty of Stralsund Settles border disputes between the duchies of Mecklenburg and Pomerania.

1355        Treaty of Paris Recognizes the annexation of the Barony of Gex by the county of Savoy.

1355        Treaty of Valognes Second peace between Charles II of Navarre and John II of France.

1358        Treaty of Zadar The Venetian Republic loses influence over territories in Dalmatia.

1359        Treaty of London Cedes western France to England; repudiated by the Estates-General in Paris.

1360        Treaty of Brétigny Ends the first phase of the Hundred Years' War.

1370        Treaty of Stralsund Ends the war between the Hanseatic League and Denmark.

1373        Anglo-Portuguese Treaty Treaty of alliance between King Edward III of England and King Ferdinand and Queen Eleanor of Portugal; it is the oldest treaty still in force.

1379        Treaty of Neuberg Divides Habsburg lands between Dukes Albert III and Leopold III.

1380        Treaty of Dovydiškės Jogaila signs a secret peace treaty with the Teutonic Knights against Kęstutis.

1385        Union of Krewo Establishes a dynastic union between Poland and Lithuania.

1386        Treaty of Windsor Renews the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance.

1390        Treaty of Königsberg Establishes alliance between Vytautas the Great and the Teutonic Order.

1397        Treaty of Kalmar Establishes the Kalmar Union; becomes null and void in 1523.

1401        Union of Vilnius and Radom Reaffirms the Union of Krewo and grants autonomy to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

1411        First Treaty of Toruń Ends the Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War.

1412        Treaty of Lubowla Between Władysław II of Poland and Sigismund of Luxemburg, king of Hungary.

1413        Union of Horodło Reaffirms the Union of Krewo and the Union of Vilnius and Radom; permits Lithuania to have a separate Grand Duke and parliament.

1420        Treaty of Troyes Attempt to pass the French throne to England.

1422        Treaty of Melno The Teutonic Knights relinquish Nieszawa to Poland. Poland renounces claims to Pomerelia, Culmerland, and the Michelauer Land east of Culmerland.

1428        Treaty of Delft Ends hostilities between England and Flanders.

1431        Treaty of Medina Del Campo Peace between Portugal and the Kingdom of Castile; ratified in Almeirim in 1432.

1432        Union of Grodno Reinforces the Polish-Lithuanian Union.

1435        Treaty of Arras Reconciles a longstanding feud between King Charles VII of France and Philip, Duke of Burgundy.

1441        Treaty of Copenhagen Christopher of Bavaria crushed a great peasant rebellion in Northern Jutland; Baltic Sea is opened to Dutch traders.

1443        Treaty of Gyehae Between the Joseon dynasty and Ashikaga shogunate; controls Japanese piracy and legitimizes trade between Tsushima island and a Korean port.

1444        Peace of Szeged Between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Ottoman Empire.

1454        Treaty of Lodi Peace between Milan, Florence and Venice.

1456        Treaty of Yazhelbitsy Establishes peace between Vasili II and the people of Novgorod.

1460        Treaty of Ribe Defines status of Schleswig and Holstein.

1461        Treaty of Westminster Divides Scotland between King Edward IV of England and the Earl of Douglas.

1465        Treaty of Conflans Officially ends the Guerre folle (Mad War).

1466        Second Treaty of Toruń Ends the Thirteen Years' War between Poland and the Teutonic Knights.

1468        Treaty of Péronne Between Duke Charles I of Burgundy and King Louis XI of France.

1472        Treaty of Prenzlau Declares Albert III, Elector of Brandenburg, ruler of Pomerania-Stettin.

1474        Treaty of Utrecht Ends the Anglo-Hanseatic War between England and the Hanseatic League lead by Lübeck and Danzig

1475        Treaty of Picquigny Louis XI pays Edward IV to stay in England and not pursue his claim to the French throne.

1478        Treaty of Brno Divides Bohemian territories between Ladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary and Matthias Corvinus.

1479        Peace of Olomouc Ratifies the Treaty of Brno.

1479        Treaty of Alcaçovas Between the Kingdom of Castile and Portugal; ends the Castilian Civil War begun in 1474.

1479        Treaty of Constantinople Officially ends the fifteen year war between Venice and the Ottoman Empire.

1482        Treaty of Arras Between King Louis XI of France and the governments of the Low Countries.

1482        Treaty of Münsingen Count Eberhard V reunites the divided county of Württemberg and declares it indivisible.

1484        Treaty of Bagnolo Ends the War of Ferrara (1482–1484) between Ercole d'Este I and Pope Sixtus IV along with his Venetian allies.

1485        Treaty of Leipzig Divides Saxony between Ernest, Elector of Saxony and Albert, Duke of Saxony.

1488        Treaty of Sablé Duke Francis I of Brittany becomes a vassal of King Charles VIII of France.

1489        Treaty of Dordrecht Establishes an alliance between Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I and King Henry VII of England.

1489        Treaty of Frankfurt Between Maximilian of Austria and the envoys of King Charles VIII of France.

1489        Treaty of Medina Del Campo Primarily a marriage contract between Arthur Tudor and Catherine of Aragon.

1489        Treaty of Redon Henry VII of England grants Lord Daubeney of Brittany 6000 English troops.

1491        Peace of Pressburg Defines the future succession of the Austrian and Hungarian kingdoms.

1491        Treaty of Granada Relinquishes the sovereignty of the Moorish Kingdom of Granada to Spain.

1492        Peace of Etaples Ends war between England and France.

1493        Treaty of Barcelona France cedes Roussillon and Cerdagne to Spain in return for Spanish neutrality during its war with Italy.

1493        Treaty of Senlis France cedes the Duchy of Burgundy, the County of Artois, Picardy and the Low Countries to the House of Habsburg.

1494        Treaty of Tordesillas Divides the world between Spain and Portugal.

1496        Intercursus Magnus Resolves some trade wars between England and the Netherlands.

1499        Treaty of Basel Concludes the Swabian War fought between the Swabian League and the Old Swiss Confederacy.

1500        Treaty of Granada King Ferdinand II of Aragon agrees to support French claims over the Kingdom of Naples.

1501        Treaty of Trente Austria recognises all French conquests in northern Italy.

1502        Treaty of Perpetual Peace Ends hostilities between England and Scotland; void in 1513.

1504        Treaty of Blois Temporarily halts the Italian Wars.

1504        Treaty of Lyon Louis XII of France cedes Naples to Ferdinand II of Aragon.

1511        Treaty of Westminster Treaty of alliance between Henry VIII of England and Ferdinand II of Aragon against France.

1516        Peace of Noyon Divides Italy between France and Spain.

1517        Treaty of Rouen Attempts to renew the Auld Alliance.

1518        Treaty of London Establishes a non-aggression pact between France, England, Holy Roman Empire, the Papacy, Spain, Burgundy and the Netherlands.

1522        Treaty of Windsor Between Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and Henry VIII of England; its main clause was the invasion of France.

1524        Treaty of Malmö Ends the Swedish War of Liberation.

1526        Treaty of Hampton Court Establishes peace between France and England.

1526        Treaty of Madrid Temporarily ends French interests in Italy.

1527        Treaty of Westminster Treaty of alliance between King Henry VIII of England and King Francis I of France against King Charles V of Spain.

1528        Treaty of Gorinchem Between Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and Duke Charles of Guelders.

1529        Treaty of Cambrai Also known as the Paix des Dames (Ladies' Peace).

1529        Treaty of Saragossa Specifies the anti-meridian line of demarcation between Spanish and Portuguese imperial territories.

1534        Treaty of Bassein Sultan Bahadur of Gujarat cedes the Mumbai Islands and other territories to the Portuguese Empire.

1538        Treaty of Nagyvárad Recognizes John Zápolya as the king of Hungary while Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor retains the western parts of the Hungarian Kingdom.

1543        Treaty of Greenwich Contains two agreements that attempts to unite the Kingdom of England with the Kingdom of Scotland.

1543        Treaty of Venlo Duke Wilhelm of Jülich-Cleves-Berg cedes the territory of Guelders and the county of Zutphen to Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.

1544        Treaty of Crépy Holy Roman Emperor Charles V relinquishes his claim to the Duchy of Burgundy and Francis I of France surrenders his claim to the Kingdom of Naples.

1544        Treaty of Speyer Establishes peace between Denmark and the Holy Roman Empire.

1551        Treaty of Weissenburg Declares Archduke Ferdinand of Austria king of Hungary and Transylvania.

1552        Peace of Passau Holy Roman Emperor Charles V guarantees Lutheran religious freedoms to Protestants.

1552        Treaty of Chambord Maurice of Saxony cedes Toul, Verdun, and Metz to Henry II of France.

1555        Peace of Augsburg Between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and the forces of the Schmalkaldic League.

1556        Treaty of Vaucelles King Henri I of France cedes Franche-Comté to King Philip II of Spain.

1559        Peace of Cateau Cambrésis Ends the Italian Wars.

1560        Treaty of Edinburgh III Attempts to end the Auld Alliance.

1562        Treaty of Hampton Court Establishes military and economic ties between Queen Elizabeth and Huguenot leader Louis I de Bourbon.

1568        Peace of Longjumeau Ends the second phase of the French Wars of Religion; confirms the Edict of Amboise; expires in August of 1568.

1569        Union of Lublin Unites the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into a single state, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

1570        Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye Ends the third phase of the French Wars of Religion.

1570        Treaty of Stettin Ends the Northern Seven Years' War.

1572        Treaty of Blois Queen Elizabeth of England and Catherine de' Medici of France establish an alliance against Spain.

1576        Pacification of Ghent Alliance of the provinces of the Netherlands against the Spanish.

1577        Treaty of Bergerac Ends the sixth phase of the French Wars of Religion; Huguenots can practice their faith only in the suburbs of one town in each judicial district.

1579        Union of Atrecht The southern states of the Spanish Netherlands express loyalty to the King of Spain.

1579        Union of Utrecht Unifies the northern states of the Netherlands.

1580        Treaty of Fleix Ends the seventh phase of the French Wars of Religion; recognizes previous treaties granting religious privileges to the Huguenots.

1580        Treaty of Plessis-les-Tours François, Duke of Anjou becomes sovereign of the Dutch Republic.

1582        Peace of Jam Zapolski Ends the Livonian War between Poland and Muscovy.

1583        Treaty of Plussa A truce between Russia and Sweden; ends the Livonian War (1558–1583).

1584        Treaty of Joinville Forms a Catholic alliance between the French Catholic League and Hapsburg Spain against Protestant forces such as Elizabeth I of England.

1585        Treaty of Nemours Revokes previous concessions made to the Huguenots; instigates the War of the Three Henries.

1585        Treaty of Nonsuch England assists Dutch in the Eighty Years' War.

1586        Treaty of Berwick Agreement of amity between Queen Elizabeth I of England and King James VI of Scotland.

1595        Treaty of Teusina Ends the Russo–Swedish War (1590–1595).

1598        Peace of Vervins The Spanish withdraw from French territory.

1601        Treaty of Lyon Henry IV of France acquires Bugey, Valromey, Gex, and Bresse.

1604        Treaty of London Ends hostilities between England and Spain.

1606        Peace of Žitava Ends the Long War between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Monarchy.

1606        Treaty of Vienna Restores all constitutional and religious rights/privileges to the Hungarians in both Transylvania and Royal Hungary.

1608        Treaty of Lieben Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II surrenders Hungary, Austrian territories near the Danube River, and Moravia to his brother Matthias.

1609        Treaty of Antwerp Spain and the Netherlands agree to a 12-year truce.

1610        Treaty of Brussol Establishes a military alliance between Charles Emmanuel I and Henry IV of France against the Spanish in Italy.

1613        Treaty of Knäred Ends the Kalmar War between Denmark and Sweden.

1613        Two Row Wampum Treaty Treaty between the Iroquois and representatives of the Dutch government.

1614        Treaty of Xanten Ends the Jülich-Cleves War.

1615        Peace of Asti Duke Charles Emmanuel I of Savoy relinquishes claims on Monferrato.

1615        Peace of Tyrnau Recognizes Gábor Bethlen as the Prince of Transylvania.

1616        Treaty of Loudun Ends hostilities between Queen Marie de Medici and rebellious French princes led by Henry II, the third Prince of Condé.

1617        Treaty of Pavia Savoy cedes Monferrato to Mantua.

1617        Treaty of Stolbovo Ends the Ingrian War between Sweden and Muscovy.

1618        Truce of Deulino Ends the Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618); expired in 1632.

1619        Treaty of Angoulême Ends civil war in France between supporters of Queen Marie de Medici and her son, King Louis XIII of France.

1619        Treaty of Munich Duke Maximilian of Bavaria allows Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II to use his forces in exchange for territories in the Palatine.

1620        Treaty of Ulm The Protestant Union ceases its support of Frederick V of Bohemia.

1621        Peace of Nikolsburg Ends the war between Prince Gabriel Bethlen of Transylvania and Emperor Ferdinand II of the Holy Roman Empire.

1621        Treaty of Madrid Restores Valtelline to the Grisons and grants Protestants in the region religious freedoms.

1622        Treaty of Montpellier Between King Louis XIII of France and Duke Henry II of Rohan; confirms the Edict of Nantes.

1623        Treaty of Paris France, Savoy, and Venice agree to have Spanish forces leave Valtelline.

1625        Treaty of Den Haag England and the Netherlands agree to economically support Christian IV of Denmark during the Thirty Years' War.

1626        Peace of Pressburg Ends the revolt against the Habsburgs.

1626        Treaty of Monzón France and Spain share equal rights in their control of Valtelline.

1628        Treaty of Munich Recognizes Duke Maximilian of Bavaria as a prince-elector; grants Maximilian control of the Upper Palatinate and the right bank of the Rhine River for thirty years.

1629        Peace of Alais Between the Huguenots and King Louis XIII of France; confirms the basic principles of the Edict of Nantes with additional clauses.

1629        Treaty of Lübeck Denmark withdraws from the Thirty Years' War.

1629        Truce of Altmark Ends hostilities between Sweden and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

1630        Peace of Pressburg Temporarily halts the War of the Mantuan Succession.

1631        Treaty of Barwald France and Sweden establish an alliance against Germany.

1631        Treaty of Cherasco Ends the War of the Mantuan Succession.

1631        Treaty of Munich France and Bavaria establish a secret "Catholic" alliance.

1632        Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye England returns New France (Quebec) to France.

1634        Treaty of Polyanovka Ends the Smolensk War between Poland and Muscovy.

1635        Peace of Prague Between the Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand II, and most of the Protestant states of the Holy Roman Empire.

1635        Treaty of Sztumska Wieś The Swedish Empire concedes territories to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

1636        Treaty of Wismar Establishes alliance between Sweden and France against the Habsburgs.

1638        Treaty of Hamburg Confirms Treaty of Wismar; France pays Sweden 1,000,000 livres.

1638        Treaty of Hartford Cedes Pequot Indian lands to Connecticut River towns and outlaws Pequot settlement and the use of the Pequot language.

1639        Treaty of Asurar Ali Establishes the boundary between the Mughals and the Ahom kingdom.

1639        Treaty of Berwick Ends the First Bishops' War between Charles I of England and the Scots.

1639        Treaty of Zuhab Ends the war between Persia and the Ottoman Empire.

1640        Treaty of Ripon Between Charles I of Scotland and the Scots in the aftermath of the Second Bishops' War.

1643        Solemn League and Covenant Between the Scottish Covenanters and the leaders of the English Parliamentarians.

1645        Treaty of Brömsebro Ends the Torstenson War between Sweden and Denmark-Norway.

1647        Truce of Ulm Forces Duke Maximilian of Bavaria to renounce his alliance with Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II.

1648        Peace of Westphalia Ends the Thirty Years' War and the Eighty Years' War, and establishes the principle of the sovereignty of nations in use today.

1648        Treaty of Concordia Divides the island of Saint Martin between France and the Netherlands.

1649        Peace of Rueil Ends the opening episodes of the Fronde, France's civil war.

1649        Treaty of Zboriv Places three provinces of Ukraine under the control of the Cossacks.

1650        Treaty of Breda Between Charles II of England and the Scottish Covenanters during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.

1650        Treaty of Hartford Establishes boundary lines between New Amsterdam and English settlers in Connecticut.

1651        Treaty of Bila Tserkva Establishes peace between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ukrainian Cossacks after the Battle of Berestechko.

1654        Treaty of Pereyaslav Between Muscovy and the Cossacks.

1654        Treaty of Westminster Ends the First Anglo-Dutch War.

1656        Treaty of Königsberg Establishes alliance between Charles X of Sweden and Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, against Poland.

1656        Treaty of Labiau Between Prince-elector Frederick William of Brandenburg and King Charles X Gustav of Sweden.

1657        Treaty of Bydgoszcz Between King John II Casimir of Poland and Margrave Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia.

1657        Treaty of Paris Establishes military alliance between England and France against Spain.

1657        Treaty of Raalte Willem II no longer is viceroy of Overijssel.

1657        Treaty of Wehlau Between Poland and Brandenburg-Prussia during The Deluge (Polish history).

1658        Treaty of Hadiach Between Poland and the Cossacks.

1658        Treaty of Roskilde Denmark-Norway cedes territory to Sweden.

1658        Treaty of Taastrup An accord that preceded the Treaty of Roskilde between Charles X Gustav of Sweden and King Frederick III of Denmark.

1659        Treaty of the Pyrenees Ends war between France and Spain.

1660        Treaty of Copenhagen Restores Trondheim to Norway and Bornholm to Denmark.

1660        Treaty of Oliva Ends hostilities between Sweden and Poland.

1661        Treaty of Cardis Ends war started in 1656 between Sweden and Russia.

1661        Treaty of Den Haag The Dutch Empire recognizes Portuguese imperial sovereignty over Recife in Brazil.

1662        Treaty of Montmartre Duke Charles IV gives to Louis XIV the throne to the Duchy of Lorraine.

1663        Treaty of Ghilajharighat Between the Ahoms and the Mughal forces.

1664        Peace of Vasvár Between the Austrian Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire after the Battle of Saint Gotthard; lasted until 1683.

1665        Treaty of Purandar Between Rajput Jai Singh and Shivaji Maharaj.

1667        Treaty of Andrusovo Ends the war between Muscovy and Poland-Lithuania.

1667        Treaty of Breda Ends the Second Anglo-Dutch War.

1668        First Triple Alliance Alliance between England, the United Provinces and Sweden.

1668        Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle Ends the War of Devolution between Louis XIV of France and Habsburg Spain.

1668        Treaty of Bongaja Sultan Saif-ud-Din of Tidore recognizes the influence of the Dutch East India Company in Indonesian territories.

1668        Treaty of Lisbon Spain recognizes Portuguese sovereignty after the Portuguese Restoration War; Portugal cedes Ceuta to Spain.

1670        Secret Treaty of Dover France helps England to rejoin the Roman Catholic Church and England assists France militarily against the Dutch Republic.

1670        Treaty of Madrid Between England and Spain.

1672        Treaty of Buczacz Between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire.

1674        Treaty of Westminster Ends the Third Anglo-Dutch War.

1675        Strasbourg Agreement First international agreement banning the use of chemical weapons (i.e. poisoned bullets); signed between France and the Holy Roman Empire.

1677        Treaty of 1677 Native American tribes in Virginia swear fealty to the British Empire.

1678        Treaties of Nijmegen Ends the Franco-Dutch War.

1678        Treaty of Casco Ends war between the eastern Native Americans and the English settlers of Massachusetts Bay Colony.

1681        Treaty of Bakhchisarai Concludes the Russo-Turkish War, 1676-1681; establishes a 20-year truce whereby the Dnieper River would separate the Ottoman Empire from Russian territories.

1686        Eternal Peace Treaty Ends war between Muscovy and Poland.

1689        Treaty of Nerchinsk Ends war between the Russian Empire and the Qing Dynasty of China.

1691        Treaty of Limerick Ends the Williamite war in Ireland.

1697        Treaty of Ryswick Ends the War of the Grand Alliance.

1698        Treaty of Den Haag II Attempts to resolve the issue of who would inherit the Spanish throne.

1699        Treaty of Karlowitz Ends the war between Austria and the Ottoman Empire.

1699        Treaty of Preobrazhenskoye Denmark, Russia, Saxony, and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth divide Swedish territories.

1700        Treaty of Constantinople Establishes peace between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.

1700        Treaty of London An attempt to restore the Pragmatic Sanction following the death of Duke Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria.

1701        Great Peace of Montreal Establishes peace between New France and the 39 First Nations of North America.

1701        Treaty of Den Haag III England, Austria, the United Provinces, and the Holy Roman Empire establish a defensive alliance against France.

1703        Treaty of Methuen Between Portugal and the Kingdom of England.

1704        Treaty of Ilbersheim Removes Bavaria from the War of the Spanish Succession.

1706        Treaty of Altranstädt Between Augustus II, king of Poland and elector of Saxony, and Charles XII of Sweden.

1707        Treaty of Altranstädt Emperor Joseph I guarantees to Charles XII religious tolerance and liberty of conscience for Silesian Protestants.

1707        Treaty of Union Unites the Kingdoms of England and Scotland to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.

1711        Treaty of Szatmár Ends the Kuruc Rebellion led by Francis II Rákóczi.

1713        Treaty of Portsmouth Ends Queen Anne's War hostilities between the Abenakis and the Province of Massachusetts Bay.

1713        Treaty of Utrecht Ends the War of the Spanish Succession.

1714        Treaty of Baden Ends hostilities between France and the Holy Roman Empire and also ends the War of the Spanish Succession.

1714        Treaty of Rastatt Ends the War of the Spanish Succession; hostilities between Louis XIV of France and Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI cease.

1717        Second Triple Alliance Alliance between Kingdom of Great Britain, the United Provinces and France.

1718        Treaty of Passarowitz Ends the war between Austria and the Ottoman Empire.

1720        Treaty of Den Haag IV Spain cedes territories to Italy after the War of the Quadruple Alliance.

1720        Treaty of Frederiksborg Ends Great Northern War between Sweden and Denmark-Norway.

1720        Treaty of Stockholm Ends the Great Northern War between Sweden and Hanover, Prussia and Denmark.

1721        Treaty of Nystad Ends the Great Northern War between Sweden and Russia.

1725        Treaty of Hanover Establishes a military alliance between Great Britain, France, Prussia, Sweden, the Netherlands and Denmark against Spain.

1725        Treaty of Vienna Ends Austrian claims to the Spanish throne; Austria helps Spain to reacquire Gibraltar from the British.

1727        Treaty of Kyakhta Redefines boundaries between Russia and China.

1729        Treaty of Seville Britain maintains control over Port Mahon and Gibraltar.